• Outsourcing governance and third-party logistics (3PL) relationships emerge as a central research pattern, linking firm logistics capability, supplier selection, and trust-building to performance—particularly in e-commerce and export contexts [2], [6], [9], [20].

• Strategic framing across papers shows taxonomy-driven classification, evolution studies, and internal alignment as core methodology: typologies, historical projection, and governance interfaces shaping logistics strategy within supply chain management (SCM) [3], [8], [13], [17].

• Technology-enabled logistics research coalesces around Radio-frequency identification (RFID) technology, web-based visualization, adoption drivers, and analytics-driven performance links, forming a pattern of digital infrastructure and innovation in logistics [19], [18], [17].

• Sustainability and eco-efficiency are investigated through LSP innovation, eco-performance, and sustainable retail/logistics operations, revealing how eco-innovation is embedded in service provider strategies and logistics practices [14], [15].

• Human capital and workforce development appear as enduring themes, with longitudinal skill assessments and personnel research guiding education, HR strategy, and capability-building in the logistics profession [10], [16].